Material crushing apparatus



June 14,1960 E. R. BRAKE y 2,940,

MATERIAL CRUSHING APPARATUS Filed June 4, 1958 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTOR; q E AR R. BRAKE, v m BY June 14, 1960 E. R. BRAKE 2,940,676

MATERIAL CRUSHING APPARATUS Filed June 4, 1958 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR, DGAR R.BR=AK E,

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MATE CRUSHIN G APPARATUS Edgar R. Brake, Columbus, Ohio, assignor to The Jeffrey Manufacturing Company, a corporation of Ohio Filed June 4, 1958, Ser. No. 739,815 I 3 Claims. (Cl. 241-82) The instant invention relates to material crushing apparatus and, more particularly, to such apparatus including means for discharging from the crusher housing foreign material which inadvertently becomes mixed with the material to be reduced by the crushing apparatus, and which is not reduced thereby.

It is the prime object of this invention to provide an improved material crushing apparatus, including means for discharging foreign material therefrom which is not reduced by the crushing apparatus.

It is another object of the instant invention to provide an improved crushing apparatus having a housing with a discharge opening for the discharge of foreign material which is not reduced by the crushing apparatus, and including means normally closing the discharge opening and which is adapted to be opened by impact of the foreign material against the closing means.

It is still another object of the instant invention to provide an improved crushing apparatus particularly adapted to reduce metal turnings having a discharge opening for tramp metal which is not reduced by the crushing apparatus, and comprising a trap door normally closing the discharge opening, said trap door being maintained in normal position closing the discharge opening by resilient means, with the tramp metal being impelled against the trap door to open the trap door for discharge of the tramp metal from the crushing apparatus.

Other objects of the invention will appear hereinafter, the novel features and combinations being set forth in the appended claims.

In the accompanying drawings:

Fig. 1 is an elevational view in section of the crushing apparatus embodying the instant invention;

Fig. 2 is a sectional view of the improved crushing apparatus taken on the line 2-2 in Fig. 1; and

Fig. 3 is a perspective View of a trap door in the crushing apparatus.

Referring to Fig. l of the drawings, there is shown therein a crushing apparatus or crusher constructed in accordance with the instant invention and comprising a housing 14) enclosing a material reducing chamber 11. At the top of the housing and leading into the material reducing chamber 11, there is provided a hopper or chute 12 into which the material to be reduced is placed or dumped for delivery of this material through the hopper or chute 12 to the material reducing chamber 11.

The material reducing chamber 11 has opposite end walls 13, and at one side of the material reducing chamber 11 there is provided a breaker plate 14 which is pivotly mounted on the end walls 13 by a laterally extending pin 15. The bottom of the breaker plate 14 includes a foot member 16 which abuts one end of a heavy spring 17. The spring 17 is disposed between the foot member 16 and a collar 18 secured to one end of a pin 19 which passes through the center of the spring 17 and has its opposite end anchored to a plate 20 of the housing it). The spring 17 provides resilient backing means for the breaker plate 14, and permits yielding of the s Patent EQ Patented June 14, 1960 breaker plate 14 during the crusher operation. The break; er plate 14 is normally disposed in the position illustrated in Fig. 1.

Below the breaker plate 14 and extending in an arc of approximately a half circle, there is disposed a screen 21 comprising a plurality of laterally extending screen bars 22 which form the bottom of the reducing chamber 11. A shaft 23 extends laterally through the reducing chamber 11, and through the end walls 13, and is supported adjacent its opposite ends by suitable bearings 24, mounted on the housing 10 at the outside of the end walls 13. Within the reducing chamber 11 there is disposed a rotor 25 which is fixedly secured to the shaft 23 and rotated thereby. One end of the shaft 23 is provided with a pulley 26, to which there may be connected suitable driving means which may be in the form of a plurality of V-belts to drive the rotor 25, and at the opposite end of the shaft 23 there is secured a suitable flywheel 27.

The rotor 25 comprises a plurality of laterally spaced disks 3%, each formed with a plurality of perforations 31 equidistantly spaced around each of the disks 30, near the peripheries thereof. A plurality of rods 32 extend laterally through the perforations in the disks 30 which constitute the rotor, and provide mounting means for hammers 33 which are placed between adjacent disks 30 of the rotor 25. Each hammer 33 includes a slot. 34 through which a rod 32 is passed for mounting the hammer 33 on the rotor 25. The hammers 33, during the rotation of the rotor 25, are thrust outwardly in a radial direction with respect to the rotor 25, as illustrated in Fig. 1, due to the centrifugal force. The provision of the slotted openings 34 in the hammers 33 permits some yielding of the hammers 33 in accordance with the amount of material that is fed into the material reducing chamber 11 at any given time.

The rotor 25 rotates in a counterclockwise direction, as viewed in Fig. 1, and there is a primary reduction of the material delivered to the reducing chamber 11, due to the impact of the hammers 33 on the material as it enters the reducing chamber 11. The invention, as illustrated herein, is specifically designed for use in reducing metal turnings which are a Waste product of various machining operations. These metal turnings as received directly from the machining operations normally have a great bulk which is not commensurate with the volume of material contained in the metal turnings. In order to expedite the handling of the metal turnings a crushing appar-atus such as that illustrated herein is utilized to reduce the metal turnings, so that the bulk thereof is made more nearly commensurate with the actual volume of material, whereby the further handling of the metal turnings is greatly facilitated.

The hammers 33 of the rotor 25, after effecting the primary reduction of the metal turnings, carry the metal turnings around in the material reducing chamber 11 towards the breaker plate 14 which is adapted to yield. in opposition to the force of the spring 17, in accordance With the volume of material passing in front of the breaker plate 14. The final reduction of the material occurs between the hammers 33 and the screen 21, with the product of the crushing or reducing operation discharging through the screen 21 between the screen bars 22,.

It frequently occurs that there is inadvertently included with the metal turnings pieces of tramp metal, which may consist of nuts, bolts, and like pieces, of metal which will not be reduced by the crushing apparatus described herein. In accordance with this invention the crushing apparatus includes means providing for the discharge of this tramp metal from the crushing apparatus, separately from the reduced product thereof, permitting a separate collection Of this tramp metal in order that it may be disposed of independently of the metal turnings.

The means for discharging the tramp metal from the crushing apparatus comprises a discharge opening 37 located at one side of the reducing chamber 11 opposite the breaker plate 14. Above the discharge opening 37 there is disposed a deflector plate 38. The tramp metal, as represented by the piece of bolt 39 in Fig. 1, which finds its way into the reducing chamber 11, is impelled through the reducing chamber 11 by the hammers 33 of the rotor 25 against the deflector plate 38 which directs the tramp metal 39 towards the discharge opening 37.

' The discharge opening 37 is normally closed by a trap door 40. The trap door 40 is connected to the baflie 'plate 41 by a hinge pin 42 adjacent the bottom of the discharge opening 37, so that the trap door 40 may swing downwardly opening the discharge opening 37 and permitting the tramp metal 39 to pass therethrough. The tramp metal 39, after passing through the discharge open ing 37, flies into a discharge chute 43 which leads to a N collecting station for the tramp metal. The discharge chute 43 is disposed beyond the discharge opening 37 and extends downwardly therefrom. When the trap door 40 swings downwardly it assumes a downwardly inclined position as shown in broken lines 40', extending from the discharge opening 37 to the discharge chute 43, to form an extension of the latter for guiding the tramp metal 39 into the discharge chute 43.

The discharge opening 37 extends across the full width of the reducing chamber 11, as seen in Fig. 2. There is A collar 46 is placed between the barrels 44 on the pin 45,

and is adapted to pivot on the pin 45. A rod 47 is secured to the collar 46, and depends therefrom with the lower end of the rod 47 extending through an enlarged aperture 48 formed in an angle 49 secured to the housing 10. Adjacent the top of the rod 47 there is placed a shouldered collar 50 forming a combined spring guide and stop for a spring 51 which surrounds the rod 47. At the bottom of the rod 47 above the angle member 49 there is disposed a shoe 52 which is bored to loosely fit the rod 47, and to permit the rod 47 to reciprocate through the shoe 52. The bottom of the shoe 52 is formed with a curved surface 53, to permit the shoe S2 to rock on the angle member 49 as the rod 47 reciprocates therethrough. The top of the shoe 52 is formed with an integral collar 54 which fits inside the spring 51 and acts as a spring guide.

The spring 51 exerts a force in an upward direction against the trap door 40, maintaining the trap door in a normally closed position, with the end 55 of the deflector plate 38 forming a stop for the trap door 40. The tramp metal 39, which finds its way into the reducing chamber 11, is impelled by the rotor 25 against the trap door 40, and the impact of the tramp metal 39 on the trap door 40 forces the trap door 40 rearwardly in opposition to the force of the spring 51, opening the discharge opening 37 and permitting the tramp metal 39 to fly therethrough into the discharge chute 43. After the tramp metal 39 has passed through the discharge opening 37, the trap door 40 will snap shut due to the force of the spring 51. In Fig. 1 there is shown in broken lines 40 the trap door 40 in open position, and there is also shown in broken lines 47' the extended position of the rod 47 when the trap door 40 is in its open position.

In accordance with the instant invention the crushing apparatus includes means whereby the tramp metal which is inadverently fed into the reducing chamber with the metal turnings may be impelled out of the crushing chamber for discharge therefrom separately from the reduced,

metal turnings. In the operation of the crushing apparatus illustrated and described herein, the tramp metal is not reduced in the crushing chamber and will be carried around in the reducing chamber by the hammers of the rotor, and impelled by the rotor hammers against a normally closed trap door, with the impact of the tramp metal on the trap door causing the latter to open the discharge opening and permit the discharge of the tramp metal from the reducing chamber. The trap door includes resilient means which normally holds the trap door in closed position, but permits it to open when the tramp metal is impelled against the trap door, and after the tramp metal has passed through the discharge opening, the resilient means restores the trap door toits normally closed position.

Obviously those skilled in the art may make various changes in the details and arrangement of parts without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the claims hereto appended, and applicant therefore wishes not to be restricted to the precise construction herein disclosed.

Having thus described and shown an embodiment of the invention, what it is desired to secured by Letters Patent of the United States is: i

i. In a crushing apparatus for reducing material, a housing enclosing a reducing chamber, a rotor disposed within the reducing chamber, means rotatably supporting the rotor, said rotor including a plurality of hammers for reducing the material, said housing including a discharge opening for foreign material not reduced by the rotor, a discharge chute for said foreign material disposed beyond the discharge opening and extending downwardly there'- from, a trap door normally closing the discharge opening, hinge means supporting said trap door adjacent the bottom of said discharge opening to open said discharge opening by downward swinging of the trap door in the direction of the discharge chute, said trap door when in open position extending between the discharge opening and the discharge chute in substantial alignment with the discharge chute to form an extension thereof to the discharge opening, said foreign material being impelled against said trap door in operation of the rotor and opening said trap door upon impact for discharge of the foreign material through the discharge opening and over the trap door into the discharge chute.

2. In a crushing apparatus for reducing material, a housing enclosing a reducing chamber, a rotor disposed within the reducing chamber, means rotatably supporting the rotor, said rotor including a plurality of hammers for reducing the material, said housing including a discharge opening for foreign material not reduced by the rotor, a discharge chute for said foreign material disposed beyond the discharge opening and extending downwardly therefrom, a trap door normally closing the discharge opening, hinge means supporting said trap door adjacent the bottom of said discharge opening to open said discharge opening by downward swinging of the trap door in the direction of the discharge chute, said trap door when in open position extending between the discharge opening and the discharge chute in substantial alignment with the discharge chute to form an extension thereof to the dis charge opening, spring means behind the trap door urging said trap door upwardly into position closing the discharge opening, said foreign material being impelled against said trapdoor in operation of the rotor and opening said trap door upon impact for discharge of the foreign material through the discharge opening and over the trap door into the discharge chute, said trap door being returned to its normally closed position by the spring means after the foreign material has passed through the discharge opening.

3. In a crushing apparatus for reducing material, a housing enclosing a crushing chamber, a rotor disposed within the reducing chamber, means rotatably supporting the rotor, said rotor including a plurality of hammers for reducing the material, said housing including a discharge opening for foreign material not reduced by the rotor, a discharge chute for said foreign material disposed beyond the discharge opening and extending downwardly therefrom, a trap door normally closing the discharge opening, hinge means supporting said trap door adjacent the bottom of said discharge opening to open said discharge opening by downward swinging of the trap door in the direction of the discharge chute, said trap door when in open position extending between the discharge opening and the discharge chute in substantial alignment with the discharge chute to form an extension thereof to the discharge opening, a deflector plate disposed in front of the discharge opening and the trap door for directing the foreign material against the trap door, said foreign material material against the trap door to open said trap door,

upon impact for discharge of the foreign material through the discharge opening and over the trap door into the discharge chute.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,027,320 Chandler May 21, 1912 1,647,730 Hartman Nov. 1, 1927 1,683,304 Roebke Sept. 4, 1928 2,105,759 Stevenson Ian. 18, 1938 

